Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study which was conducted using the case study method is to analyze the challenges poultry cooperatives in Kermanshah province. The study population of the research was poultry cooperative managers (42 cooperatives), faculty of animal science in agriculture college (14 people), and experts and managers of animal science in Agricultural Jihad Organization (13 people) and managers in department of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare (8 people) in Kermanshah province. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached, and interviews were conducted with 28 people who were selected using the purposeful and snowball sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Analysis of interviews showed that poultry cooperatives are struggling with 16 major challenges. These challenges are: 1) Fluctuation of prices of inputs and produced poultry in the market; 2) weak performance of government departments in terms of monitoring on production and supply and facilities; 3) problems of providing quality inputs; 4) low knowledge and experience of some poultry farmers and officials about cooperative principles and poultry industry; 5) poor performance of the provincial union regarding the planning of poultry units; 6) low feed conversion; 7) Inadequate structural conditions of poultry units for the production and maintenance of chickens, 8) the smallness of most poultry units and lack of economic justification; 9) the spread of disease and do not obey the health issues; 10) lack of communication and constructive interaction between the poultry industry and the university; 11) the presence of brokers and intermediaries in production circles;