The objective of this study was to identify the underlying causes of labor and employer disputes in the context of labor dispute resolution in Kermanshah province during the year 1403. This research was conducted using a qualitative methodology with a content analysis approach. The research community included workers, experts from labor departments, and representatives from both workers and employers of the Diagnosis Board and Dispute Resolution Council of the Departments of Kermanshah Province. The sampling method was purposeful. The findings of the research were derived from the alignment of the findings obtained from semi-structured interviews with 38 workers, employers or their representatives, and experts, and were analyzed using the interpretive analysis method of Dickelman, Allen, and Tater. A total of 26 core categories of five influential factors (worker, employer, weakness of national laws and systems, weak performance of labor administration, cultural-social-economic problems) were subjected to analysis in order to ascertain the underlying causes of workers' grievances against their employers. The findings of the research indicated an increase in the number of complaints from the labor community to employers, with a multitude of associated consequences. To mitigate these consequences, it is imperative that the government implement a comprehensive and coordinated plan for legislative, material, and psychological support for both workers and employers, in addition to incorporating the recommendations of experts.